Journal: Veterinary Research

Article Title: Interactions between natural killer cells and dendritic cells favour T helper1-type responses to BCG in calves

doi: 10.1186/s13567-016-0367-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: BCG is taken up by bovine monocyte-derived DCs resulting in increased the expression of MHC class II, CD40 and CD80 and production of the Th1 polarising cytokine IL-12. Monocyte-derived DCs were cultured for 3 days and infected with FITC-labelled BCG (MOI 5) for 42 h. FACS plots from one representative animal ( A ) illustrate the percentage uptake of BCG-FITC by uninfected DCs (blue histogram) and BCG-infected DCs (pink histogram). Gates were set using uninfected DCs. Pooled data from four calves ( A ) illustrate the average percentage uptake of BCG-FITC ± SD by uninfected DCs (lighter bar) and BCG-infected DCs (darker bar). Uninfected and BCG-infected DCs were labelled with mAbs for MHC class II, CD40 and CD80 and analysed by flow cytometry. FACS plots from one representative animal show the expression of MHC class II ( B ), CD40 ( C ) and CD80 ( D ) by uninfected (blue histograms) and BCG-infected DCs (pink histograms). Positive cells were identified based on FMO controls (green histograms). Pooled data from four calves indicates the average MFI ± SD of MHC class II ( B ), CD40 ( C ) and CD80 ( D ) expression by uninfected (lighter bars) and BCG-infected DCs (darker bars). Supernatants were retrieved from uninfected and BCG-infected DCs and assayed for IL-12 production by ELISA. Pooled data from five calves represent the average levels ± SD of IL-12 BU/mL produced by uninfected (lighter bars) and BCG-infected DCs (darker bars) ( E ). Data were normally distributed ( p > 0.05) and significance between uninfected and BCG-infected DCs was assessed using a 2-sample t test. p < 0.05*, p < 0.001***.

Article Snippet: Mouse anti-bovine MHC class II-PE (CC158, IgG2a, Bio-Rad AbD Serotec), mouse anti-bovine CD40-FITC (IL-A156, IgG1, Bio-Rad AbD Serotec) and mouse anti-bovine CD80 (IL-A159, Bio-Rad AbD Serotec) indirectly conjugated to goat anti-mouse IgG1-AF647 (Life Technologies, UK) were used to determine DC expression of MHC class II, CD40 and CD80 respectively.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Cell Culture, Infection, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Produced

Journal: Neurochemical Research

Article Title: Morin Improves Cognitive Deficits in an in Vivo Model of Vascular Dementia by Modulating the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s11064-026-04717-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morin modulated the expression of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus of VaD rats. a the expression levels of NR1 ; b the expression levels of NR2A ; c the expression levels of NR2B ; d the expression levels of NR1 protein; e the expression levels of NR2A protein; f the expression levels of NR2B protein; g protein levels of p-CREB; h protein levels of p-CAMK2A; i protein levels of p-CAMK2D. Protein levels of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B were quantified by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 8 per group). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test (data met assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity)/Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s test (data did not meet assumptions). * indicates a significant difference from the Sham group; # indicates a significant difference 2VO group; *# indicates a significant difference from both the Sham and 2VO groups, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant

Article Snippet: Moreover, phosphorylation levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoforms CAMK2A and CAMK2D at Thr286 (p-CAMK2A, p-CAMK2D) were quantified using the Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit (CAMK2A/CAMK2D (Phospho-Thr286), Boster Bio, #EKC2366).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Archives of Razi Institute

Article Title: Study of Microbial Infections and Some Immunological Parameters among Covid-19 in ICU Patients in Najaf Governorate, Iraq

doi: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358102.2151

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration of Galactomannan serum level in Covid-19 patients admitted to intensive care units

Article Snippet: Invasive Pulmonary aspergillosis Detection Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis detection was carried out by Galactomannan Antigen Test in patients’ Serum by using a Human aspergillus galactomannan Antigen (GM-Ag) ELISA kit (My BioSource, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Chondroprotective Effect of Cynaroside in IL-1 β -Induced Primary Rat Chondrocytes and Organ Explants via NF- κ B and MAPK Signaling Inhibition

doi: 10.1155/2020/9358080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory effects of cynaroside on IL-1 β -induced nitrite, ROS, PGE 2 , TNF- α , iNOS, and Cox-2 in primary rat chondrocytes. Cells were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 h. (a) Nitrite production was determined in the cultured medium using a Griess reagent. (b) ROS levels were detected by H 2 DCF-DA probe. (c, d) PGE 2 and TNF- α production was determined in the cultured medium by ELISA. (e) Expression of the iNOS, Cox-2, and TNF- α was determined using western blot analysis. (f) Quantitative data of (e) were analyzed using ImageJ software. α -Tubulin served as an internal control. Expression results are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the IL-1 β -treated group. CON: control; ROS: reactive oxygen species; PGE 2 : prostaglandin E 2 ; TNF- α : tumor necrosis factor-alpha; iNOS: inducible nitrite oxide; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE 2 , TNF- α , collagen, type II, and aggrecan in the culture medium or cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits (PGE 2 and TNF- α , R&D Systems; collagen type II and aggrecan, MyBioSource) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Software, Control

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Chondroprotective Effect of Cynaroside in IL-1 β -Induced Primary Rat Chondrocytes and Organ Explants via NF- κ B and MAPK Signaling Inhibition

doi: 10.1155/2020/9358080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of cynaroside on IL-1 β -induced collagen type II and aggrecan in primary rat chondrocytes. (a) Cells were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 h. Collagen type II and aggrecan were measured in cultured medium using ELISA. Results are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with the IL-1 β -treated group. CON: control. (b) Cells were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 48 h. Proteoglycan contents were determined using Alcian Blue stain.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE 2 , TNF- α , collagen, type II, and aggrecan in the culture medium or cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits (PGE 2 and TNF- α , R&D Systems; collagen type II and aggrecan, MyBioSource) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Staining

Journal: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Article Title: Chondroprotective Effect of Cynaroside in IL-1 β -Induced Primary Rat Chondrocytes and Organ Explants via NF- κ B and MAPK Signaling Inhibition

doi: 10.1155/2020/9358080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chondroprotective effects of cynaroside in rat explant organs (legs). Explanted legs were pretreated with cynaroside (40, 80, and 160 μ M) for 1 h, followed by IL-1 β (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 4 days. (a) Nitrite production was determined in the cultured medium using a Griess reagent. (b) PGE 2 production was determined in the cultured medium using ELISA. (c) Protein levels of iNOS, Cox-2, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 were determined using western blot analysis. (d) Quantitative data of (c) were analyzed using ImageJ software. α -Tubulin served as an internal control. (e) Histological analysis of proteoglycan loss was carried out by Safranin O staining and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) advanced Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System. Results are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 compared with the IL-1 β -treated group. CON: control; RNS: reactive nitrogen species: PGE 2 : prostaglandin E 2 ; iNOS: inducible nitrite oxide; Cox-2: cyclooxygenase-2; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; ADAMTS-4; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of PGE 2 , TNF- α , collagen, type II, and aggrecan in the culture medium or cells were measured using commercial ELISA kits (PGE 2 and TNF- α , R&D Systems; collagen type II and aggrecan, MyBioSource) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Software, Control, Staining, Histopathology